This how much should learn for frontend system design
Frotnend system is a vast topic as one has to have knowledge about multiple things in the web ecosystem.
Frontend system design is the most difficult interview and majority of candidates that I have interviewed get rejected in this.
Why? because this is 2025 and companies are looking for a product-first engineer.
Product-first: Who thinks from the product perspective, where every decision should be made in a favor to improve the customer experience that will derive the growth and the business.
Engineer: You still follow the best engineer standards and practice to create a scalable, robust, modular solution that gets adapted by the forth-coming engineers, your teammates and the organization.
When you are aware about the concepts very well, then you are more likely to make a good decision that will set the course of your product/feature.
While it is good to know all the things as an SDE2+ in the web ecosystem which you can learn on alpha.learnersbucket.com
I divide the system design concepts into multiple parts which will help you to priortize which will give you an order to follow.
Core Architecture
Discuss the rendering pattern depending upon the nature of the application
Componentization, break the UI into components, modules, layouts, etcAPI list, what all APIs do you need to consume
Data modeling, how would you like to store the data in the state
State management, state normalization depending upon whether your application is read-heavy or write-heavy
Optimization
Improving the performance of the application through code-splitting, lazy-loading, tree-shaking, adaptive-loading, and pre-loading
Offline mode and caching strategy, do you want to support PWA or keep the application working when offline and sync back when online
Mobile support
Web security, web fundamentals
Internationalization
Accessibility
SEO optimization
Developer experience
File and folder structure,
Design patterns, code patterns
Bundling strategy (Webpack configuration)
CI/CD
Lint rules (Eslint, Stylelint, pre-commit checks)
Unit cases, E2E cases
PR review strategy
Depending upon the level you are interviewing for and the job description, you could be asked to answer on each area.
The core architecture and the optimization are the must-answer questions.
Apart from these, there are many specific scenarios you encounter depending upon which type of application you are designing.
As we don't work on all these types of applications, it is better to learn how others have done it and learn from them.
On the alpha.learnersbucket.com, you will find all these things in a single place.
Enroll today and get lifetime access to the best frontend interview preparation resource.